Publications
Preprint
- Baumann, L., Schidelko, L., Proft, M. & Rakoczy, H. (preprint). Even 3- and 4-year-olds master some modal reasoning tasks – if they have a more agentive structure. https://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5bkfa.
- Meyer, M. M., Proft, M., Engelmann, J. & Rakoczy, H. (preprint). Young children demonstrate improved metacognitive competence in social contexts. https://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9qz6b.
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Schidelko, L., Baumann, L., Proft, M. & Rakoczy, H.
(preprint).
Do theory of mind and mental time travel abilities build on joint cognitive foundations?.
https://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/53y2r.
- Schidelko, L. & Rakoczy, H. (preprint). Why do children from age four fail true belief tasks? A decision experiment testing competence versus performance limitation accounts. https://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2p7zg.
Accepted Pending Data Collection
2025
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Lucca, K., Yuen, F., Wang, Y., Alessandroni, N., Allison, O., Alvarez, M., ... Hamlin, J.
(2025).
Infants’ social evaluation of helpers and hinderers: A large-scale, multi-lab, coordinated replication study.
Developmental Science,
28,
e13581.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13581.
-
Speiger, M. L., Rothmaler, K., Liszkowski, U., Rakoczy, H. & Grosse Wiesmann, C.
(2025).
Evidence that altercentric biases in a continuous false belief task depend on highlighting the agent's belief.
Cognition,
256,
106055.
2024
-
Blomberg, I., Schünemann, B., Proft, M. & Rakoczy, H.
(2024).
Adults and children engage in subtle and fine-grained action interpretation and evaluation in moral dilemmas.
Cognitive Science,
48,
e70012.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70012.
-
Engelmann, J., Völter, C., Goddu, M., Call, J., Herrmann, E., Rakoczy, H., ... Rakoczy, H.
(2024).
Modal reasoning in non-human animals: Possible ways forward.
Biology Letters,
20(6).
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0080.
-
Schmidt, M. F., Vaish, A. & Rakoczy, H.
(2024).
Don't neglect the middle ground, Inspector Gadget! There is ample space between big special and small ordinary norm psychology.
Perspectives on Psychological Science,
19(1),
69-71.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231187408.
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Steffan, A., Zimmer, L., Arias-Trejo, N., Bohn, M., Dal Ben, R., Flores-Coronado, M., ... Schuwerk, T.
(2024).
Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood.
Infancy,
29(1),
31-55.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12564.
2023
-
Engelmann, J., Völter, C., Goddu, M., Call, J., Rakoczy, H., Herrmann, E., ... Herrmann, E.
(2023).
Chimpanzees prepare for alternative possible outcomes.
Biology Letters,
19(6),
20230179.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0179.
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Engelmann, J., Haux, L., Schleihauf, H., Völter, C., Call, J., Rakoczy, H., ... Herrmann, E.
(2023).
Do chimpanzees reason logically?.
Child Development,
94(5),
1102-1116.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13861.
-
Fogiel, A., Hermes, J., Rakoczy, H. & Diesendruck, G.
(2023).
Infants' biased individuation of in-group members.
Cognition,
239,
105561.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105561.
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Haskaraca, F. N., Proft, M., Liszkowski, U. & Rakoczy, H.
(2023).
How robust are egocentric and altercentric interference effects in social cognition? A test with explicit and implicit versions of a continuous false belief task.
Frontiers in Psychology,
14.
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142302.
-
Rakoczy, H.
(2023).
The development of implicit Theory of Mind.
In R. Thompson,
Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Implicit Cognition.
(1).
(pp. 336-350). (pp. 336-350): Routledge.
-
Schmidt, M., Vaish, A. & Rakoczy, H.
(2023).
Don’t neglect the middle ground, Inspector Gadget! There is ample space between big special and small ordinary norm psychology.
Perspectives on Psychological Science,
0(0),
17456916231187408.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231187408.
-
Schmidt, M. & Rakoczy, H.
(2023).
Children's acquisition and application of norms.
Annual Review of Developmental Psychology,
5(1).
https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-034731.
2022
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Barone, P., Wenzel, L., Proft, M. & Rakoczy, H.
(2022).
Do young children track other’s beliefs, or merely their perceptual access? An interactive, anticipatory measure of early theory of mind.
Royal Society Open Science,
9,
211278.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211278.
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Engelmann, J., Herrmann, E., Proft, M., Keupp, S., Dunham, Y., Rakoczy, H., ... Rakoczy, H.
(2022).
Chimpanzees consider freedom of choice in their evaluation of social action.
Biology letters,
18(2),
20210502.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0502.
-
Rakoczy, H. & Proft, M.
(2022).
Knowledge before belief ascription? Yes and no (depending on the type of “knowledge” under consideration).
Frontiers in Psychology,
13,
988754.
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.988754.
-
Rakoczy, H.
(2022).
Puppet studies present clear and distinct windows into the child's mind.
Cognitive Development,
61(101147),
7.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101147.
-
Rakoczy, H.
(2022).
Foundations of theory of mind and its development in early childhood.
Nature Reviews Psychology,
(10.1038),
13.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00037-z.
-
Schidelko, L., Proft, M. & Rakoczy, H.
(2022).
How do children overcome their pragmatic performance problems in the true belief task? The role of advanced pragmatics and higher-order theory of mind.
PLOS ONE,
17(4),
e0266959.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266959.
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Schidelko, L., Huemer, M., Schröder, L., Lueb, A., Perner, J., Rakoczy, H., ... Rakoczy, H.
(2022).
Why Do Children Who Solve False Belief Tasks Begin to Find True Belief Control Tasks Difficult? A Test of Pragmatic Performance Factors in Theory of Mind Tasks.
Frontiers in Psychology,
12,
797246.
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797246.
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Schünemann, B., Schidelko, L., Proft, M. & Rakoczy, H.
(2022).
Children Understand Subjective (Undesirable) Desires Before they Understand Subjective (False) Beliefs.
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,
213 (2022),
105268.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105268.
2021
-
Eckert, J., Rakoczy, H., Duguid, S., Herrmann, E. & Call, J.
(2021).
The ape lottery: Chimpanzees fail to consider spatial information when drawing statistical inferences.
Animal Behavior and Cognition,
8 (3),
305-324.
https://dx.doi.org/org/10.26451/abc.08.03.01.20.
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Engelmann, J., Völter, C., O'Madagain, C., Proft, M., Haun, D., Rakoczy, H., ... Herrmann, E.
(2021).
Chimpanzees consider alternative possibilities.
Current Biology,
31 (20),
R1377-R1378.
doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.012.
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Rakoczy, H., Miosga, N. & Schultze, T.
(2021).
Young children evauate and follow others' arguments when forming and revising beliefs.
Social Development,
00,
1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12533.
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Schünemann, B., Proft, M. & Rakoczy, H.
(2021).
Children's Developing Understanding of the Subjectivity of Intentions - A Case of "Advanced Theory of Mind".
Journal of Cognition and Development.
1-23.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.2003366.