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This study investigated how color variations in facial expressions influence our perception of emotions and health. Participants viewed color-manipulated (CIE LAB color space) face images depicting seven emotional states and indicated their perceptions of each image's emotion and health. Our results suggest that facial color influences the perception of threat-related emotions such as anger and disgust, as well as health perception. Increasing facial redness intensified the perception of anger, while increasing yellowness and lightness heightened the perception of disgust. Lightness affected perceptions of happiness and sadness, with lighter happy faces appearing happier and lighter sad faces appearing sadder. Additionally, enhancing redness and yellowness on faces led participants to perceive them as healthier. Our findings add to the existing literature and provide important insights into the role of colors in perceiving different emotions and health. These insights may significantly impact social interaction and communication, especially in situations where facial expressions play a critical role.

Ideal partner preferences for traits in a partner are said to be stable cognitive constructs. However, longitudinal studies investigating the same participants’ ideals repeatedly have so far been limited to relatively short retest intervals of a maximum of 3 years. Here, we investigate the stability and change of ideals across 13 years and participants’ insight into how ideals have changed. A total of 204 participants (M = 46.2 years, SD = 7.4, 104 women) reported their ideals at two time points. We found a mean rank-order stability of r = .42 and an overall profile stability of r = .73 (distinctive r = .53). Some ideals changed over time, for example, increased for status-resources in relation to age and parenthood. We found some but varying insight into how ideals had changed (mean r = .20). Results support the idea of ideals being stable cognitive constructs but suggest some variability related to the demands of different life stages.